I had read about that. Social hierarchies are very difficult to change, since the people at the top have the power and resources not only to be succesful, but also to hindrance/attack others. And many times it is "subtle" in the same that there is plausible denieability of what they do.

With big differences, in my country happens something similar. We had a coup and a dictator. While now supposedly we are a democrazy, the judges, many military, police force, and company owners are the descendants of the people who ruled with the dictator. As a result, they control the media, many companies, the justice system (that is not really fair) and basically use that to get advantages or attack anyone who don't belong to their group that tries to improve their living.

I can't tell you what work. In my country many people fled to other countries, make money there and that allowed them to come back and help their families. But change is slow, some times there is backlash and sometimes it seems that we are fighting a lost battle.

From my outsider perspective, castes are wrong and I think hurt society. You lose talent. How many talented children could have become doctors or scientist or many other things but won't? That is a lose for all the society.

Schools are a good start to improve things. And maybe some universities outside india can offer scholarships. You offer an interesting perspective about how not everyone in a culture would support everything in it.